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Children’s prolonged exposure to the toxic stress of war trauma in the Middle East
2020

Children’s prolonged exposure to the toxic stress of war trauma in the Middle East

Muthanna Samara, Sara Hammuda, Panos Vostanis, Basel El-Khodary, Nader Al-Dewik

Conflict leads to toxic stress and health problems in childhood and beyond. Long term investment in evidence informed mitigation strategies is needed to end the devastating cycles of violence.

Executive Summary